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Round ribbontail ray
The round ribbontail ray (''Taeniura meyeni'') is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, found throughout the nearshore waters of the tropical Indo-Pacific, as well as off islands in the eastern Pacific. It is a bottom-dwelling inhabitant of lagoons, estuaries, and reefs, generally at a depth of . Reaching across, this large ray is characterized by a thick, rounded pectoral fin disc covered by small tubercles on top, and a relatively short tail bearing a deep ventral fin fold. In addition, it has a variable but distinctive light and dark mottled pattern on its upper surface, and a black tail.
Generally nocturnal, the round ribbontail ray can be solitary or gregarious, and is an active predator of small, benthic molluscs, crustaceans, and bony fishes. It is aplacental viviparous, with the embryos sustained by yolk, and later histotroph ("uterine milk") secreted by the mother; up to seven pups are born at a time. Although not aggressive, if provoked the round ribbontail ray will defend itself with its venomous tail spine, and it has been responsible for at least one fatality. It is valued by ecotourist divers and recreational anglers. This slow-reproducing species is threatened by commercial fishing, both targeted and as bycatch, and habitat degradation across much of its range. As a result, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as Vulnerable.
==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
As ''Taeniura meyeni'', the round ribbontail ray was described by German biologists Johannes Peter Müller and Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle in their 1841 ''Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen'', based on two syntypes collected from Mauritius. However, this species is better known under the name ''Taeniura melanospila'' (or ''melanospilos''), which was applied by Dutch ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker to a juvenile specimen from Java, in a 1953 volume of the scientific journal ''Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië''.〔〔
Other common names for the round ribbontail ray include black spotted ray, black-blotched stingray, black-spotted stingray, fantail ray, fantail stingray, giant reef ray, blotched fantail ray, and speckled stingray.〔 In Australia, it is one of several species referred to as "bull ray".〔 A minority of authors place this species with the river stingrays in the family Potamotrygonidae.〔 Preliminary morphological examination has suggested that the round ribbontail ray is more related to ''Dasyatis'' and Indo-Pacific ''Himantura'' than to the congeneric bluespotted ribbontail ray (''T. lymma''), which is closer to the amphi-American ''Himantura'' (''H. pacifica'' and ''H. schmardae'') and the river stingrays.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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